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1.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 39: e2020217, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1136769

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the current scientific literature to document, in an integrative review, the main findings that correlate Kawasaki disease (KD) to COVID-19. Data sources: The search was carried out in June 2020 in the following databases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), periódico da CAPES and U.S National Library of Medicine (PubMed). The combination of descriptors used was [(COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2) AND (Kawasaki disease)], and the inclusion criteria stipulated were studies published from January 2019 to June 2020, without restriction of language or location, and available online in full. News, editorials, comments, and letters, as well as duplicates and articles that did not answer the guiding question were excluded. Data synthesis: A total of 97 articles were identified, of which seven comprised this review. The association of KD to the new coronavirus appears to trigger a severe clinical condition of vasculitis. Different from the usual, in this inflammatory syndrome, patients are older, and prevalence is higher in children from African or Caribbean ancestry; clinical and laboratory manifestations are also atypical, with a predominance of abdominal complaints and exaggerated elevation of inflammatory markers. In addition, there was a greater report of rare complications and greater resistance to the recommended treatment for KD. Conclusions: Pediatric COVID-19 and its potential association to severe KD, still unfamiliar to health professionals, reinforces the importance of testing patients with vasculitis for the new coronavirus and the need to wage high surveillance and preparation of the health system during the current pandemic.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a literatura científica atual a fim de documentar, por meio de revisão integrativa, os principais achados que associam a doença de Kawasaki (DK) à doença do coronavírus (COVID-19). Fonte de dados: A busca ocorreu em junho de 2020, nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), periódico da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed). Os descritores utilizados foram [(COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2) AND (Kawasaki Disease)], e os critérios de inclusão estipulados compreenderam estudos publicados de janeiro de 2019 a junho de 2020, sem restrição de idioma ou localização e disponíveis online integralmente. Foram excluídos notícias, editoriais, comentários e cartas de apresentação, assim como duplicatas e artigos que não respondiam à pergunta norteadora. Síntese dos dados: Identificaram-se 97 artigos, dos quais sete compuseram esta revisão. A associação da DK com o novo coronavírus parece desencadear um quadro de vasculite grave. Diferentemente do usual, nessa síndrome inflamatória, os pacientes são mais velhos e a descendência prevalente é africana ou caribenha; as manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais também são atípicas, com predomínio de queixas abdominais e elevação exagerada de marcadores inflamatórios. Além disso, houve maior relato de complicações raras e maior resistência ao tratamento preconizado para DK. Conclusões: A COVID-19 pediátrica e sua potencial associação com uma DK grave, ainda pouco conhecida pelos profissionais da saúde, reforçam a importância da testagem de pacientes com vasculite para o novo coronavírus e a necessidade de empreender alta vigilância e preparação do sistema de saúde durante a atual pandemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/virology , Pandemics , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/therapy , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/epidemiology , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/virology , Disease Management , Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19
3.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 32(3): 201-209, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1353164

ABSTRACT

Endothelium is the inner layer of vessels that separates circulating blood from the rest of the body tissues. Since its discovery, it has been involved in various functions, both systemic and organ specific. Currently, endothelial damage and failure in its functions is considered a key element in pathophysiology of various clinical scenarios, among which we may find COVID-19.Hence, it has been a target in development of strategies that seek to maintain, enhance or repair its function. The purpose of the following review is to describe what an endothelial function is about, its relation with current medical practice, and its implications in the SARS- CoV-2 pandemic. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Endothelium/physiopathology , COVID-19/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Endothelium/metabolism , Endothelium/virology
4.
Acta Paul. Enferm. (Online) ; 34: eAPE02321, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1152656

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar, na literatura científica, a relação da obesidade como fator de risco agravante para a morbidade por COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, tipo revisão integrativa de literatura, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, por meio da estratégia PICo, em cinco bases de dados,PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embasee BVS, realizada de maio a junho de 2020. Os critérios de inclusão adotados foram: artigos primários realizados com adultos; disponíveis na íntegra; publicados durante o período de 2019 a 2020; nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Os critérios de exclusão foram: relato de casos; casos clínicos; dissertações; teses; os já selecionados na busca em outra base de dados e que não respondessem à questão da pesquisa. Resultados: A seleção resultou em noveestudos, sendo que quatro estudos - 44,4% (E3, E5, E6 e E7) - apresentaram a prevalência de obesidade em adultos hospitalizados por COVID-19, dois estudos - 22,2% (E6, E9) - associaram a obesidade ao desenvolvimento da COVID-19 grave, três estudos - 33,3% (E1, E4 e E7) - associaram a obesidade à necessidade de ventilação mecânica e três estudos - 33,3% (E2, E4 e E8) - associaram a obesidade à mortalidade por COVID-19. Conclusão: A obesidade trata-se de uma doença crônica não transmissível, sendo um fator de risco considerado importante para o agravamento da doença COVID-19, no entanto, é passível de prevenção, pois hábitos saudáveis de vida podem reduzir o quadro grave de infecção por COVID-19.


Resumen Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura científica la relación de la obesidad como factor de riesgo agravante para la morbilidad por COVID-19. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio bibliográfico, tipo revisión integradora de literatura, en idioma portugués, inglés y español, por medio de la estrategia PICO, en cinco bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase y BVS, realizada de mayo a junio de 2020. Los criterios de inclusión adoptados fueron: artículos primarios realizados con adultos, con texto completo disponible, publicados durante el período de 2019 a 2020, en idioma portugués, inglés y español. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: relato de casos, casos clínicos, tesis de maestría y doctorado, los artículos ya seleccionados en la búsqueda en otra base de datos y los que no respondieran la pregunta de investigación. Resultados: La selección tuvo como resultado nueve estudios, de los cuales cuatro — 44,4% (E3, E5, E6 y E7) — presentaron prevalencia de obesidad en adultos hospitalizados por COVID-19; en dos estudios — 22,2% (E6, E9) — se relacionó la obesidad con el desarrollo de COVID-19 grave; en tres estudios — 33,3% (E1, E4 y E7) — se relacionó la obesidad con la necesidad de ventilación mecánica; y en tres estudios — 33,3% (E2, E4 y E8) — se relacionó la obesidad con la mortalidad por COVID-19. Conclusión: La obesidad se trata de una enfermedad crónica no transmisible y es considerada un factor de riesgo importante para el agravamiento de la enfermedad COVID-19. Sin embargo, la prevención es posible, ya que los hábitos de vida saludables pueden reducir el cuadro grave de infección por COVID-19.


Abstract Objective: To identify, in scientific literature, the relationship of obesity as an aggravating risk factor for morbidity by COVID-19. Methods: This is a bibliographic and integrative literature review study, in Brazilian Portuguese, English and Spanish languages, through PICo strategy, in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and VHL databases, held from May to June 2020. Primary articles conducted with adults, available in full, published during the period 2019 to 2020, in Brazilian Portuguese, English and Spanish were included. Case reports, clinical cases, dissertations, theses, the already selected in the search in another database and that did not answer the question of the search were excluded. Results: The selection resulted in nine studies. Four studies - 44.4% (E3, E5, E6 and E7) - presented the prevalence of obesity in adults hospitalized by COVID-19. Two studies - 22.2% (E6, E9) - associated obesity with the development of severe COVID-19. Three studies - 33.3% (E1, E4 and E7) - associated obesity with the need for mechanical ventilation. Three studies - 33.3% (E2, E4 and E8) - associated obesity with mortality due to COVID-19. Conclusion: Obesity is a chronic non-communicable disease, being a risk factor considered important for the worsening of COVID-19 disease, however, it is preventable, because healthy lifestyle habits can reduce the severe picture of COVID-19 infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Databases, Bibliographic , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Betacoronavirus , Inpatients , Obesity/complications , Obesity/prevention & control , Obesity/epidemiology , Risk Factors
5.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 118(6): e514-e526, dic 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1146142

ABSTRACT

El síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en niños y adolescentes temporalmente relacionado con COVID-19 es una presentación clínica de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Comparte algunas características con la enfermedad de Kawasaki, el shock tóxico, la sepsis, el síndrome de activación macrofágica y la miocarditis. Son escasas las publicaciones que abordan su manejo inicial, que tiene semejanzas con el propuesto para el shock séptico. Esta revisión analiza dicho abordaje basado en las características propias del síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico relacionado con COVID-19, de acuerdo con el paradigma de construcción de una "guía de práctica institucional", y sugiere estrategias de aproximación terapéutica, que incluyen detección temprana, estabilización, referencia, tratamiento específico y análisis de proceso


Multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally related to COVID-19 in children and adolescents is a clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It shares some features with Kawasaki disease, toxic shock, sepsis, macrophage activation syndrome, and myocarditis. Few publications have addressed its initial management, which is similar to that proposed for septic shock. This review analyzes such approach based on the characteristics typical of multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19 in accordance with the paradigm of an "institutional practice guideline" and suggests therapeutic approach strategies, including early detection, stabilization, referral, specific treatment, and process analysis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Referral and Consultation , Shock, Septic/physiopathology , Shock, Septic/therapy , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/physiopathology , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/therapy
7.
Medwave ; 20(10)18 nov. 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145803

ABSTRACT

Introducción Desde el comienzo de la pandemia de COVID-19, se han desarrollado diversas investigaciones sobre el pronóstico de pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 asociado a factores como edad, condiciones biodemográficas, comorbilidades, factores sociales, parámetros clínicos, hematológicos, marcadores inflamatorios, de coagulación, bioquímicos y gasométricos, entre otros. Hasta ahora, existen escasos estudios que hayan abordado el tema en América Latina, por lo que es de interés conocer el comportamiento de la enfermedad en la región. Objetivo Evaluar el curso del COVID-19 en pacientes ingresados en un centro terciario en Chile y analizar factores predictores, medidos en el período cercano a la admisión, que se asocien al pronóstico vital y al uso de ventilación mecánica invasiva. Métodos Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo realizado en Clínica Indisa de Santiago, Chile. Participaron todos los pacientes de 15 años o más hospitalizados entre el 11 de marzo y el 25 de julio de 2020. Se analizó la letalidad hospitalaria, la complejidad de los casos y se aplicaron modelos de regresión logística para identificar predictores de las variables de resultado definidas. Resultados La muestra estuvo constituida por 785 sujetos. La edad media fue 59 años, 59% fueron hombres y 61,3% tenía comorbilidades. El 45% requirió cuidados intensivos y 24% ventilación mecánica invasiva. La letalidad hospitalaria global fue de 18,7%. En pacientes de unidad de cuidados intensivos fue 32,1% y en quienes recibieron ventilación mecánica invasiva 59,4%. Los factores de riesgo independientes de morir incluyeron la edad (Odds ratio 1,09; intervalo de confianza 95%: 1,07 a 1,12), diabetes (1,68; 1,06 a 2,67), enfermedad pulmonar crónica (2,80; 1,48 a 5,28) y mayores niveles de proteína C reactiva, creatinina y ferritina. No se demostró asociación con el sexo, pertenencia al seguro público de salud, antecedente de cardiopatía, obesidad, ni dímero D. Similares factores fueron predictores de ventilación mecánica invasiva. Conclusiones El pronóstico y factores predictores en esta cohorte de pacientes hospitalizados en Chile por COVID-19 fueron comparables en su mayoría a los reportados en estudios similares de países de mayores ingresos. El sexo masculino no fue un factor de mal pronóstico en este grupo de pacientes.


Introduction Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, extensive research has been done on the prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 associated with age, biodemographic conditions, comorbidities, social factors, clinical parameters, inflammatory blood markers, coagulation, biochemical and blood gas parameters, among others. Few studies have addressed this problem in Latin America, so it is of interest to know how the disease plays out in this region. Objective The purpose of our study is to evaluate the course of COVID-19 in patients admitted to a tertiary center in Chile and to assess factors measured close to hospital admission that may be associated with death and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods We did a retrospective cohort study at Indisa Clinic in Santiago, Chile. We included all patients aged 15 years and older hospitalized between March 11 and July 25, 2020. Hospital mortality and severity of the cases were analyzed, and logistic regression models were applied to identify predictors of outcome variables. Results The sample included 785 subjects. The mean age was 59 years, 59% were men, and 61.3% had comorbidities. Forty five per cent required intensive care, and 24% invasive mechanical ventilation. The overall hospital fatality rate was 18.7%. In intensive care patients, the case fatality was 32.1%, and in those who received invasive mechanical ventilation, it was 59.4%. Independent risk factors for death included age (odds ratio 1.09; 95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 1.12), diabetes (1.68; 1.06 to 2.67), chronic lung disease (2.80; 1.48 to 5.28), increased C-reactive protein, creatinine, and ferritin. No association with sex, public health insurance, history of heart disease, oxygen saturation upon admission, or D-dimer was found. Similar factors were predictors of invasive mechanical ventilation. Discussion The prognosis and predictive factors in this cohort of patients hospitalized in Chile for COVID-19 were comparable to those reported in similar studies from higher-income countries. Male sex was not associated with a poor prognosis in this group of patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Prognosis , Chile , Sex Factors , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Hospital Mortality , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Tertiary Care Centers
8.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 32(3): 354-362, jul.-set. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138502

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: A infecção causada pelo coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disseminou-se por todo o mundo e foi categorizada como pandemia. As manifestações mais comuns da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 (doença pelo coronavírus 2019 - COVID-19) se referem a uma pneumonia viral com graus variáveis de comprometimento respiratório e até 40% dos pacientes hospitalizados, que podem desenvolver uma síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo. Diferentes ensaios clínicos avaliaram o papel dos corticosteroides na síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo não relacionada com COVID-19, obtendo resultados conflitantes. Delineamos o presente estudo para avaliar a eficácia da administração endovenosa precoce de dexametasona no número de dias vivo e sem ventilação mecânica nos 28 dias após a randomização, em pacientes adultos com quadro moderado ou grave de síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo causada por COVID-19 provável ou confirmada. Métodos: Este é um ensaio pragmático, prospectivo, randomizado, estratificado, multicêntrico, aberto e controlado que incluirá 350 pacientes com quadro inicial (menos de 48 horas antes da randomização) de síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo moderada ou grave, definida segundo os critérios de Berlim, causada por COVID-19. Os pacientes elegíveis serão alocados de forma aleatória para tratamento padrão mais dexametasona (Grupo Intervenção) ou tratamento padrão sem dexametasona (Grupo Controle). Os pacientes no Grupo Intervenção receberão dexametasona 20mg por via endovenosa uma vez ao dia, por 5 dias, e, a seguir, dexametasona por via endovenosa 10mg ao dia por mais 5 dias, ou até receber alta da unidade de terapia intensiva, o que ocorrer antes. O desfecho primário será o número de dias livres de ventilação mecânica nos 28 dias após a randomização, definido como o número de dias vivo e livres de ventilação mecânica invasiva. Os desfechos secundários serão a taxa de mortalidade por todas as causas no dia 28, a condição clínica no dia 15 avaliada com utilização de uma escala ordinal de seis níveis, a duração da ventilação mecânica desde a randomização até o dia 28, a avaliação com o Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score após 48 horas, 72 horas e 7 dias, e o número de dias fora da unidade de terapia intensiva nos 28 dias após a randomização.


Abstract Objective: The infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spreads worldwide and is considered a pandemic. The most common manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection (coronavirus disease 2019 - COVID-19) is viral pneumonia with varying degrees of respiratory compromise and up to 40% of hospitalized patients might develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. Several clinical trials evaluated the role of corticosteroids in non-COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome with conflicting results. We designed a trial to evaluate the effectiveness of early intravenous dexamethasone administration on the number of days alive and free of mechanical ventilation within 28 days after randomization in adult patients with moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to confirmed or probable COVID-19. Methods: This is a pragmatic, prospective, randomized, stratified, multicenter, open-label, controlled trial including 350 patients with early-onset (less than 48 hours before randomization) moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, defined by the Berlin criteria, due to COVID-19. Eligible patients will be randomly allocated to either standard treatment plus dexamethasone (Intervention Group) or standard treatment without dexamethasone (Control Group). Patients in the intervention group will receive dexamethasone 20mg intravenous once daily for 5 days, followed by dexamethasone 10mg IV once daily for additional 5 days or until intensive care unit discharge, whichever occurs first. The primary outcome is ventilator-free days within 28 days after randomization, defined as days alive and free from invasive mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes are all-cause mortality rates at day 28, evaluation of the clinical status at day 15 assessed with a 6-level ordinal scale, mechanical ventilation duration from randomization to day 28, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score evaluation at 48 hours, 72 hours and 7 days and intensive care unit -free days within 28.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/drug therapy , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/virology , Time Factors , Prospective Studies , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Pandemics , Organ Dysfunction Scores , COVID-19 , Intensive Care Units
9.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 40(3): 117-125, sept. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1129078

ABSTRACT

En diciembre de 2019 se identificó el virus SARS-CoV-2, cuya rápida propagación global puso en estado de emergencia al mundo entero, llevando al ser humano a una situación sin antecedente cercano. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los métodos diagnósticos utilizados actualmente para identificar la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Las manifestaciones clínicas y el espectro imagenológico de la enfermedad son muy inespecíficos y no permiten realizar un diagnóstico certero. Por esta razón, es esencial una apropiada toma de muestra respiratoria en el momento y sitio anatómico adecuado para un diagnóstico preciso de COVID-19. La técnica de muestreo más utilizada es el hisopado nasofaríngeo y la prueba diagnóstica más fiable se basa en la retrotranscripción seguida por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (RT-PCR). No obstante, existen otras técnicas moleculares, como también tests serológicos para detectar anticuerpos o fragmentos antigénicos del SARS-CoV-2. Más allá de la precisión diagnóstica, es importante tener en cuenta la probabilidad basal (pretest) para interpretar correctamente el resultado obtenido y aislar aquellos posibles falsos negativos. Con el objetivo de evitar la saturación del sistema de salud es imprescindible contar con información y métodos diagnósticos precisos para detectar tempranamente los focos de infección y reducir la transmisión comunitaria, utilizando eficazmente los diferentes recursos diagnósticos. (AU)


In December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified for the first time, whose rapid global spread put the entire world in a state of emergency, leading humans to an unprecedented situation with no immediate history. The main purpose of this review is to describe the diagnostic methods currently used to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical manifestations and the imaging spectrum of the disease are nonspecific and do not allow an accurate diagnosis to be made. For this reason, an appropriate respiratory sampling at the right time and anatomical site is essential for an accurate diagnosis of COVID-19. The most widely used sampling technique is nasopharyngeal swab, and the most reliable diagnostic test is by reverse transcription followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, there are other molecular techniques, as well as serological tests to detect antibodies or antigenic fragments of SARS-CoV-2. Beyond the diagnostic precision, it is important to take into account the baseline probability (pre-test) to correctly interpret the result obtained and isolate those possible false negatives. In order to avoid saturation of the health system, it is essential to have accurate information and diagnostic methods to detect outbreaks of infection in early stages and to reduce communitary transmission, making effective use of the various diagnostic resources. Coronavirus infections/diagnosis, viral/diagnosis, pandemics, clinical laboratory techniques, real-time polymerase chain reaction, antigens, viral/analysis. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Serologic Tests/methods , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Argentina , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Serologic Tests/statistics & numerical data , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/diagnostic imaging , False Negative Reactions , False Positive Reactions , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data , Betacoronavirus
10.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 32(3): 348-353, jul.-set. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138515

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: El coronavirus ha emergido este año como causa de neumonía viral. Una de las principales características es su rápida transmisión y su potencial severidad. El objetivo de este estudio de serie de casos es describir las características clínicas de los pacientes con confirmación de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) admitidos en diferentes unidades de cuidados intensivos de la Argentina con requerimiento de ventilación mecánica. Métodos: Estudio de serie de casos, descriptivo-prospectivo, multicéntrico realizado entre el 01 de abril y el 08 de mayo de 2020. Se incluyeron los datos de los pacientes mayores a 18 años, que ingresaron a la unidad de cuidados intensivos con requerimiento de ventilación mecánica por falla respiratoria aguda con diagnóstico positivo de COVID-19 Resultados: Se registraron las variables de 47 pacientes de 31 unidades cuidados intensivos, 78.7% hombres de una mediana de edad de 61 años, con un SAPS II de 43, un índice de Charlson de 3. El modo ventilatorio inicial fue volume control - continuous mandatory ventilation con volumen corriente menor a 8mL/kg en el 100% de los casos, con una mediana de presión positiva al final de la espiración de 10,5cmH2O. A la fecha de cierre del estudio, 29 pacientes fallecieron, 8 alcanzaron el alta, y 10 pacientes continúan internados al cierre del estudio. El SAPS II fue mayor entre los fallecidos (p = 0.046). El índice de Charlson se asoció con mayor mortalidad (OR = 2,27 IC95% 1,13 - 4,55; p = 0,02). Conclusión: Los pacientes con COVID-19 y ventilación mecánica de esta serie presentan variables clínicas similares a las descriptas a la fecha en otros reportes internacionales. Nuestros hallazgos proporcionan datos que permitirían de alguna manera predecir los resultados.


Abstract Objective: A novel coronavirus emerged this year as a cause of viral pneumonia. The main characteristics of the virus are rapid transmission, high contagion capacity and potential severity. The objective of this case series study is to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) admitted to different intensive care units in Argentina for mechanical ventilation. Methods: A descriptive, prospective, multicenter case series study was conducted between April 1 and May 8, 2020. Data from patients older than 18 years who were admitted to the intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. Results: The variables for 47 patients from 31 intensive care units were recorded: 78.7% were men (median age of 61 years), with a SAPS II score of 43 and a Charlson index score of 3. The initial ventilatory mode was volume control - continuous mandatory ventilation with a tidal volume less than 8mL/kg in 100% of cases, with a median positive end-expiratory pressure of 10.5cmH2O. At the end of the study, 29 patients died, 8 were discharged, and 10 remained hospitalized. The SAPS II score was higher among patients who died (p = 0.046). Charlson comorbidity index was associated with higher mortality (OR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.13 - 4.55, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 and on mechanical ventilation in this series presented clinical variables similar to those described to date in other international reports. Our findings provide data that may predict outcomes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Intensive Care Units , Argentina , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Respiratory Insufficiency/virology , Tidal Volume , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19
11.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(4): 302-306, Jul.-Aug. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249915

ABSTRACT

Abstract COVID-19, the causative agent of which is a new type of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, has caused the most severe pandemic in the last 100 years. The condition is mainly respiratory, and up to 5 % of patients develop critical illness, a situation that has put enormous pressure on the health systems of affected countries. A high demand for care has mainly been observed in intensive care units and critical care resources, which is why the need to redistribute resources in critical medicine emerged, with an emphasis on distributive justice, which establishes the provision of care to the largest number of people and saving the largest number of lives. One principle lies in allocating resources to patients with higher life expectancy. Mechanical ventilator has been assumed to be an indivisible asset; however, simultaneous mechanical ventilation to more than one patient with COVID-19 is technically possible. Ventilator sharing is not without risks, but the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence and justice prevail. According to distributive justice, being a divisible resource, mechanical ventilator can be shared; however, we should ask ourselves if this action is ethically correct.


Resumen COVID-19, cuyo agente causal es un nuevo tipo de coronavirus denominado SARS-CoV-2, ha provocado la pandemia más grave en los últimos 100 años. La afección es principalmente respiratoria y hasta 5 % de los pacientes desarrolla enfermedad crítica, lo cual ha producido una enorme presión sobre los sistemas de salud de los países afectados. Principalmente se ha observado alta demanda de atención en las unidades de cuidados intensivos y de recursos de atención vital. De ahí la necesidad de redistribuir los recursos en medicina crítica, con énfasis en la justicia distributiva, la cual establece atender al mayor número de personas y salvar el mayor número de vidas. Un principio estriba en asignar los recursos a pacientes con mayores expectativas de vida. Se ha dado por hecho que el ventilador mecánico es un bien indivisible; sin embargo, técnicamente es posible la ventilación mecánica simultánea a más de un paciente con COVID-19. La acción de compartir el ventilador no está exenta de riesgos, pero prevalecen los principios de beneficencia, no maleficencia y justicia. Conforme la justicia distributiva, al ser un bien divisible, el ventilador mecánico puede ser compartido, sin embargo, cabe preguntarse si esta acción es éticamente correcta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Critical Care/methods , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Critical Illness , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Intensive Care Units
12.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(4): 324-329, Jul.-Aug. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249919

ABSTRACT

Abstract In the efforts to explain COVID-19 pathophysiology, studies are being carried out on the correspondence between the expression of SARS-CoV-2 cell receptors and viral sequences. ACE2, CD147 and TMPRSS2 receptors expression could indicate poorly explored potential infection targets. For the genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 receptors, using BioGPS information was decided, which is a portal that centralizes genetic annotation resources, in combination with that of The Human Protein Atlas, the largest portal of human transcriptome and proteome data. We also reviewed the most recent articles on the subject. RNA and viral receptor proteins expression was observed in numerous anatomical sites, which partially coincides with the information reported in the literature. High expression in testicular cells markedly stood out, and it would be therefore important ruling out whether this anatomical site is a SARS-CoV-2 reservoir; otherwise, germ cell damage, as it is observed in infections with other RNA viruses, should be determined.


Resumen En el afán por explicar la fisiopatogenia de COVID-19 se están realizando estudios en torno a la correspondencia entre la expresión de receptores celulares de SARS-CoV-2 y las secuencias virales. La expresión de los receptores ACE2, CD147 y TMPRSS2 podría indicar blancos de infección poco explorados. Para el análisis genómico de los receptores de SARS-CoV-2 se optó por utilizar la información del BioGPS, un portal que centraliza los recursos de anotación genética, en combinación con la de The Human Protein Atlas, el portal más grande de datos del transcriptoma y proteoma humanos. También se revisaron los artículos más recientemente respecto al tema. En numerosos sitios anatómicos se observó la expresión de ARN y proteínas de los receptores del virus, que coinciden parcialmente con la información reportada en la literatura. Resaltó la alta expresión en las células de los testículos, por lo que sería importante descartar si este sitio anatómico es un reservorio de SARS-CoV-2; de no ser así, determinar el daño en las células germinales, tal como sucede en infecciones por otros virus ARN.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Testis/virology , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Serine Endopeptidases/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation , Virus Latency , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Basigin/genetics , Pandemics , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19
14.
An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción) ; 53(2): 105-126, 20200800.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1119611

ABSTRACT

Un nuevo coronavirus hace su aparición en China a fines del año 2019, produciendo infección respiratoria aguda y falla respiratoria. Debido a su similitud clínica y microbiológica con el agente del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS por sus siglas en inglés), el SARS-CoV1, que afecto a China en el año 2003, fue bautizado como SARS-CoV2, y la enfermedad que produce como COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019). Desde su identificación el mundo médico se vio inundado de reportes estadísticos, tablas y cifras que hacen al comportamiento epidemiológico del SARSCoV2, pero pocos autores han focalizado su investigación en los mecanismos patogénicos y si lo han hecho sus artículos han sido diluidos por la vorágine de datos estadísticos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es profundizar en los aspectos fisiopatológicos de la infección por SARS-CoV2 para lo cual realicé una revisión de la literatura desde el inicio de la actual pandemia hasta el mes de junio de 2020, utilizando para la búsqueda Mendeley y PubMed, centrado sobre todo en la capacidad del virus de alterar el delicado balance entre la angiotensina II y sus antagonistas, analizar las posibles razones de la peor evolución en un subgrupo de pacientes y proponer medidas terapéuticas enfocadas en estos hallazgos. El SARS-CoV2 infecta células que expresan el receptor primario para el virus, la enzima ACE2, presente en epitelio intestinal y respiratorio, así como en endotelio. Genera inicialmente hipoxia por lesión alveolar para luego generar disfunción endotelial por lesión directa, lesión mediada por anticuerpos, tormenta de citoquinas y alteración del balance entre la angiotensina II y sus antagonistas funcionales, con eventual trombosis en territorio pulmonar y sistémico, así como hemólisis angiopática y por hiperactividad macrofágica. La retroalimentación positiva entre hipoxia, inflamación y angiotensina II potencian el desarrollo de un síndrome de distrés y fallo multiorgánico, con escalada de la mortalidad. El análisis de la fisiopatología probable en la infección por SARS-CoV2 permite sacar algunas conclusiones siendo las centrales que el endotelio es uno de los actores centrales en la patogenia de la enfermedad y que los pacientes con mayor riesgo de complicaciones son aquellos con disfunción endotelial previa debida a la presencia de obesidad, diabetes mellitus o hipertensión, así como que existen diferentes fases o estadios, cada uno con una posible intervención terapéutica particular, es decir, que la COVID-19 es diferente entre pacientes y en el mismo paciente es diferente en el tiempo, con cada momento requiriendo una intervención terapéutica particular.


A new coronavirus makes its appearance in China in late 2019, causing acute respiratory infection and respiratory failure. Due to its clinical and microbiological similarity to the agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), SARS-CoV1, which affected China in 2003, was named SARS-CoV2, and the disease it produces as COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019). Since its identification, the medical world has been flooded with statistical reports, tables and figures regarding the epidemiological behavior of SARS-CoV2, but few authors have focused their research on pathogenic mechanisms and if they have, their articles have been diluted by the maelstrom of statistical data. The objective of the present work is to delve into the pathophysiological aspects of SARS-CoV2 infection, for which I carried out a literature review from the start of the current pandemic until June 2020, using Mendeley and PubMed for the search, focused above all on the ability of the virus to alter the delicate balance between angiotensin II and its antagonists, to analyze the possible reasons for the worse evolution in a subgroup of patients and to propose therapeutic measures focused on these findings. SARS-CoV2 infects cells that express the primary receptor for the virus, the enzyme ACE2, present in the intestinal and respiratory epithelium, as well as the endothelium. Initially, it generates hypoxia due to alveolar injury and then generates endothelial dysfunction due to direct injury, antibody-mediated injury, cytokine storm and alteration of the balance between angiotensin II and its functional antagonists, with eventual thrombosis in pulmonary and systemic territory, as well as angiopathic hemolysis and due to macrophage hyperactivity. The positive feedback between hypoxia, inflammation and angiotensin II potentiates the development of a distress syndrome and multi-organ failure, with an increase in mortality. The analysis of the probable pathophysiology in SARS-CoV2 infection allows us to draw some conclusions, the main ones being that the endothelium is one of the central actors in the pathogenesis of the disease and that the patients with the highest risk of complications are those with previous endothelial dysfunction, due to the presence of obesity, diabetes mellitus or hypertension, as well as that there are different phases or stages, each with a possible particular therapeutic intervention, that is, that COVID-19 is different between patients and in the same patient it is different in time, with each moment requiring a particular therapeutic intervention.


Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology
15.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(3): 247-249, may.-jun. 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249901

ABSTRACT

Resumen Con excepción de las mujeres embarazadas, el manejo de los pacientes adultos graves con COVID-19 durante la pandemia incluye los procedimientos estándar que se llevan a cabo en cualquier paciente que requiere atención en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, así como la administración limitada de las soluciones cristaloides, la intubación orotraqueal, la ventilación mecánica invasiva ante deterioro clínico del paciente y la relajación muscular en infusión continua solo cuando sea necesaria. No se recomienda la ventilación mecánica no invasiva, la oxigenoterapia de alto flujo debido a la generación de aerosol (asociado con riesgo de propagación del virus entre el personal de salud), la oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea ni el empleo de esteroides. Hasta el momento no hay tratamiento antiviral específico para pacientes con COVID-19 ni resultados de estudios controlados que avalen su uso.


Abstract Except for pregnant women, the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic includes the standard procedures that are used for any patient that requires to be attended to at the intensive care unit, as well as limited administration of crystalloid solutions, orotracheal intubation, invasive mechanical ventilation in the event of patient clinical deterioration, and muscle relaxants continuous infusion only if necessary. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation and high-flow oxygen therapy are not recommended due to the generation of aerosol (associated with risk of viral spread among health personnel), and neither is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or the use of steroids. So far, there is no specific antiviral treatment for patients with COVID-19, and neither are there results of controlled trials supporting the use of any.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Critical Care/methods , Intensive Care Units , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Critical Illness , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Pandemics , COVID-19
16.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(3): 250-253, may.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249902

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La ventilación mecánica simultánea a varios pacientes con un solo ventilador podría disminuir el déficit de esos dispositivos para atender a los enfermos con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda por Covid-19. Objetivo: Comunicar los resultados de un ejercicio de ventilación mecánica con un ventilador en un simulador de pulmón, y simultáneamente en dos y cuatro simuladores. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la presión positiva al final de la espiración, presión media de la vía aérea y presión pico programadas, registradas y medidas, excepto al ventilar simultáneamente cuatro simuladores de pulmón. Conclusiones: La ventilación mecánica simultánea debe ser instaurada por personal médico con experiencia en el procedimiento, restringirse a dos pacientes y ser realizada en la unidad de cuidados intensivos.


Abstract Introduction: Simultaneous mechanical ventilation of several patients with a single ventilator might reduce the deficit of these devices for the care of patients with acute respiratory failure due to Covid-19. Objective: To communicate the results of a mechanical ventilation exercise with a ventilator in a lung simulator, and simultaneously in two and four. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between positive end-expiratory pressure, mean airway pressure, and programmed, recorded and measured peak pressure, except when simultaneously ventilating four lung simulators. Conclusions: Simultaneous mechanical ventilation should be implemented by medical personnel with experience in the procedure, be restricted to two patients and carried out in the intensive care unit.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Ventilators, Mechanical/supply & distribution , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/virology , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Equipment Design , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Intensive Care Units
18.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 91(3): 330-338, jun. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126169

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona (SRAA) es el principal regulador del volumen plasmático, manteniendo la homeostasis cardiovascular e hidrosalina. En la vía clásica, la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA) genera Angiotensina II (AngII), de potente efecto inflamatorio y vasoconstrictor. Esta vía clásica es a su vez regulada por la ECA2, que convierte AngII a Ang 1-7, cuyas acciones vaso dilatadoras y antiinflamatorias dan balance a los efectos de AngII. La ECA2 se ha relacionado con la patogenia de infecciones respiratorias como el virus respiratorio sincicial y el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave por coronavirus (SARS-CoV y SARS-CoV-2). Estudios recientes han demostrado que la ECA2 corresponde al principal receptor del SARS-CoV-2, que en conjunto con otros receptores como la serin proteasa TMPRSS2, permiten la fijación, fusión y entrada del virus a la célula huésped. En animales infectados por SARS-CoV se produce una caída de la concentración tisular de ECA2 y Ang 1-7, con la consiguiente sobreexpresión de AngII, y sus efectos vasoconstrictores e inflamatorios. Experimentos con ECA2 recombinante han mostrado un efecto protector frente a la sobreexpresión del SRAA en animales infectados por SARS-CoV, efecto similar al demostrado con el uso de bloquea- dores del receptor de AngII, AT1. La evidencia sobre el rol protector de ECA2 parece respaldar las recomendaciones respecto a no suspender estos medicamentos en la infección SARS-CoV-2. En este artículo presentamos el conocimiento actual sobre el rol del SRAA en la infección por SARS-CoV, a partir de conceptos fisiopatológicos, bases moleculares, y evidencia experimental y clínica.


Abstract: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is the main plasma volume regulator, which maintains cardiovascular and hydrosaline homeostasis. In the classical pathway, the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) generates Angiotensin II (AngII), which is powerfully inflammatory and vasoconstrictive. This classical pathway is also regulated by ACE2, which converts AngI to Ang 1-9, and degrades AngII to Ang 1-7, whose vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory functions balance out the effects of AngII. ACE2 has been associated with the pathogenesis of respiratory infections such as RSV and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2). Recent studies have shown that ACE2 corresponds to the main SARS-CoV-2 receptor, which together with other receptors such as the TMPRSS2, allows the virus to attach, fuse, and enter the host cell. These studies have shown that in animals infected with coronavirus there is a drop in tissue concentration of ACE2 and Ang 1-7, leading to overexpression of AngII and its vasoconstrictive and inflammatory effects. Experiments with recombinant ACE2 have shown a protective effect against overexpression of RAAS in coronavirus-infected animals, which is similar to that demonstrated with the use of AnglI receptor blockers (AT1). Evidence on the protective role of ACE2 seems to support the recommendations re garding not discontinuing these drugs in COVID-19 infection. In this article, we present the current knowledge about the role of RAAS in coronavirus infection, based on physiopathological concepts, molecular bases, and experimental and clinical evidence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism , Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology , Pandemics , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19
19.
Rev. inf. cient ; 99(3): 274-283, mayo.-jun. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126946

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La infección por coronavirus-2, que causa la enfermedad conocida como COVID-19, afecta la función renal en muchos de los pacientes. Objetivo: Ofrecer un referente teórico para contribuir a la preparación de estudiantes de Medicina y médicos generales respecto a la influencia de la infección por coronavirus-2 en el sistema renal. Método: En el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", entre marzo y julio de 2020, se hizo una revisión narrativa sobre este tema a través de una búsqueda en diferentes bases de datos bibliográficas: Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct y SciELO. Resultados: La información se estructuró en: aspectos generales de la COVID-19, fisiopatología, manifestaciones, bases terapéuticas, pronóstico e impacto social de la nefropatía causada por COVID-19; también, se identificaron aspectos irresueltos respecto al fallo renal causado por esta pandemia. Conclusiones: El pronóstico del paciente con COVID-19 se agrava por la presencia de fallo renal agudo, no obstante, en la fisiopatología, las manifestaciones clínicas y el pronóstico en los pacientes con esta complicación no es del todo conocida. Su aparición es más común en los pacientes con antecedente de enfermedad renal crónica, diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial sistémica, lo que legitima la necesidad de la preparación profesional para ser capaz de una evaluación precisa del sistema renal para la prevención y control de esta complicación.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The infection for coronavirus-2, which causes the infectious disease known as COVID-19, often affects the renal function in many of the patients. Objective: To offer a theoretical referent, to contribute on the preparation of medicine students and general doctors about the influence of the infection for coronavirus-2 on the renal system. Method: In the Hospital Dr. Agostinho Neto, between March and June of 2020, a narrative review about this topic was made through a search in the bibliographical databases Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct and SciELO. Results: The information was structured as: general aspects of the COVID-19, physiopathology, symptoms, therapeutic bases, prognosis, and social impact of the nephropathy caused by COVID-19. Unsettled aspects regarding the renal failure caused by this pandemic were also identified. Conclusions: The patient's prognostic with COVID-19 is worsened by the presence of acute renal failure; nevertheless, in the physiopathology, the clinical manifestations and patient prognosis on this complication are not completely known. Its appearance is more common in patients with an antecedent of chronic kidney failure, diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension which legitimates the necessity of professional preparation to be capable of a precise evaluation of the renal system for prevention and control of this complication.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/etiology , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology
20.
Rev. inf. cient ; 99(3): 284-292, mayo.-jun. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126947

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La infección por coranvirus-2 causa la enfermedad conocida como COVID-19, que afecta el sistema ocular. Objetivo: Ofrecer un referente teórico en relación con la influencia de la infección por coronavirus-2 sobre el sistema ocular. Método: En la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo durante el primer semestre de 2020 se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, donde se ejecutó el análisis de artículos originales y revisiones sistemáticas que incluían información en relación con la COVID-19 y el sistema ocular. La búsqueda se efectuó consultando las bases de datos Pubmed, Infomed y SciELO, sin restricción de fecha, en los idiomas español e inglés. Se utilizó el buscador Google Scholar y las palabras clave y conectores: COVID-19 AND ophthalmology disease; SARS-CoV-2 AND ocular damage, y los términos en español. La extracción de datos se realizó según una planilla que resumió las preguntas de interés de acuerdo al objetivo de la revisión. Resultados: Se desarrolló un texto dividido en los siguientes acápites: aspectos generales de la COVID-19, el ojo en la transmisión de la COVID-19, posible fisiopatología del daño ocular, manifestaciones oculares, historia natural del paciente con COVID-19 desde la perspectiva oftalmológica, la terapéutica de la COVID-19 y las manifestaciones oculares de la enfermedad, y el daño biopsicosocial de la COVID-19. Conclusiones: Es posible la transmisión de la COVID-19 a través de secreciones oculares, y durante ésta se presentan síntomas y signos oftalmológicos.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The infection of coronavirus-2 causes the disease known as COVID-19, which also affects the ocular system. Objective: To offer a theoretical reference related to the influence of the infection with coronavirus-2 in the ocular system. Method: A bibliographical review was made during the first semester of 2020 in the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas in Guantanamo, where an analysis of originals articles and systematic reviews was carried out, all of them including information related to COVID-19 and the ocular system. The search went through the consultation of the databases Pubmed, Infomed and SciELO, in English and Spanish, with no restriction on the entry dates. The following key words and connectors were used in the Google Scholar search engine: COVID-19 and ophthalmic disease, SARS-CoV-2 and ocular damage, and its equivalent terms in Spanish. The compilation of data was made according to a form that summed up the most important questions related to the purpose of the review. Results: A text was written, divided in the following sections: general aspects of COVID-19, the role of the eyes in the transmission of COVID-19, possible pathophysiology of eye damage, symptoms, ophthalmological records in patients with COVID-19, treatment of COVID-19 and ocular symptoms of the disease, and the biopsychosocial damage of COVID-19. Conclusions: The transition of COVID-19 through the eye discharges is possible, and ocular symptoms during the infection can be observed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Ophthalmology/education
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